The concentration field map of the mineral component (bright yellow denotes high concentration of the mineral component, whereas blue indicates the organic reach domains) during the directional solidification of a shell model as predicted by the orientation field based phase-field simulation under the same conditions as the simulation shown in Fig. 7, however, using a larger grid of 2000 × 1000. The black domain on the right represents the mantle.

The orientation field map (different colors stand for different crystallographic orientations) during the directional solidification of a shell model as predicted by the orientation field based phase-field simulation under the same conditions as the simulation shown in Fig. 7, however, using a larger grid of 2000 × 1000. The white domain on the right represents the mantle.